Modulation of homogeneous and isotropic turbulence in emulsions

We present a numerical study of emulsions in homogeneous and isotropic turbulence at $Re_\lambda=137$. The problem is addressed via Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS), where the Volume Fluid (VOF) used to represent complex features liquid-liquid interface. consider mixture two iso-density fluids, fluid properties are varied with goal understanding their role modulation, particular volume fraction ($0.03<\alpha<0.5$), viscosity ratio ($0.01<\mu_d/\mu_c<100$) large scale Weber number ($10.6<We_\mathcal{L}<106.5$). analysis, performed by studying integral quantities spectral scale-by-scale reveals that energy consistently transported from small scales interface, no inverse cascade observed. Furthermore, total surface found be directly proportional amount transported, while tension alter dynamic regulates transport. also observe $-10/3$ $-3/2$ scaling on droplet size distributions, suggesting dimensional arguments which led derivation verified HIT conditions.